We report observation of four- and five-photon absorption in the chalcogenide glasses at the telecommunication wavelengths. The nonlinear refractive index is sufficiently large that the optical switching criterion is satisfied.

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a b s t r a c tWe investigated membrane targeting of the P2X 7 receptor (P2X 7 R) in polarized epithelial cells using immunofluorescent confocal imaging. The wild-type receptor was targeted to the basolateral membrane, independently of adaptor protein l1B. Deletion of the majority of the intracellular C-terminus, or the last 26 residues (P570-Y595), conferred targeting of the protein to the apical membrane. Alanine substitution in the microdomain P582-Q587 caused similar apical membrane targeting without major effect on the receptor function and surface expression. Our results show basolateral membrane targeting of the P2X 7 R in epithelial cells and that the intracellular C-terminal microdomain P582-Q587 is crucial in this process. Structured summary:MINT-8055849:Beta-catenin (uniprotkb:B6V8E6) and P2X7R (uniprotkb:Q64663) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

We report a step toward optoelectronic integration on low-temperature cofired ceramics substrates in the form of fiber alignment U-grooves. The precision of the CO2 laser machining of green state ceramic for this purpose is investigated. The groove-writing process with a speed of 1 mm/s was carried out in air at room temperature and ambient pressure. The process is to a large extent self-cleaning without any gas jet assist. By analysis of groove profiles after firing of a near-zero shrinkage green tape formulation, it is shown that the cutting accuracy is approximately 2 microm, which is at the fundamental limit set by the particle size (1-5 microm). We demonstrate low-loss butt coupling of <1 dB for single-mode fibers using the laser written U-grooves. The technique exhibits a potential for fabrication of low-cost fiber ribbon and fiber array connectors.