Workplace ostracism was originally defined that individuals were excluded or ignored or disregard by other employees. Workplace ostracism is a kind of "cold violence", which has been paid attention widespread. The study reported here mainly summarized workplace ostracism and its effects from lots of domestic and foreign literatures. Firstly, we comb the conceptions and nature of workplace ostracism in different views. Secondly, we can mainly summarize its effects of workplace ostracism by means of studying plenty of empirical researches. Lastly, we point out the potential defects in previous studies and there are still some issues worthwhile exploring in the future.

Perceptions of Organizational Politics and employee silence, as two topics to be avoided in organizations, have long drawn widespread attention in the field of organizational behavior and human resources. Based on the theory of social exchange and the theory of individual-organization fit, this paper aims to explore the relationship between the Perceptions of Organizational Politics and employee silence, as well as the Regulatory effect of Conscientiousness and organizational identification. Firstly, it defines the definitions and dimensions of the four variables (Perceptions of Organizational Politics, employee silence, organizational identity and Conscientiousness) through literature review at home and abroad. Based on the existing research results, this study starts from the social exchange theory and individual-organization fit theory, it constructs a model of the impact of organizational political perception on employees' silence and puts forward hypotheses, in which organizational identification and Conscientiousness are two regulatory variables. Then through a rigorous empirical study to prove the research model proposed in this paper.

Background: Intra-articular adhesion is the commonest complication that is faced by orthopedic surgeons after knee surgery. Thus, the present investigation evaluates the effect of daidzein on intra-articular adhesion in rabbits. Material and methods: All the rabbits were separated in to four different groups each group carries ten rabbits. Cancellous bone was exposed in each rabbit by removing cortical bone from both side of the femoral condyle. Following daidzein (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) was topically applied for the duration of 10 min to the decorticated areas. Thereafter for the period of 4 week surgical limb was fixed. Effect of daidzein on intra articular adhesion was estimated by visual score through macroscopic examination, histopathology study, hydroxyproline content, fibroblast and collage density. Results: Data obtained in the study suggest that topical application of daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) loose the collagen and significantly decreases the adhesion at the decorticated areas. Moreover there were significant reduction in the fibroblast density, hydroxyproline content and optical density of collagen tissue in daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) treated group than control. Conclusion: Thus present study concludes that topical application of daidzein reduces intra-articular adhesion around the knee.

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Purpose: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of arglabin in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, and the likely underlying mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 150 g were used for this study. The rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each: control group, arthritis group, arglabintreated group, and standard (STD) group. Chronic arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant in the plantar region of the rats. Rats in the arglabin-treated group received 5 ng/g arglabin intraperitoneally (i.p.), while those in the STD group received 1.5 mg/kg indomethacin, p.o. for 4 weeks. The development of arthritis was assessed at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28th day of protocol by measuring thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical nociceptive threshold, arthritic score and paw volume. Activities of liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino-transaminase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transaminase (AST), and the levels of inflammatory cytokines-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured in the synovial fluid, while those of inflammatory mediators-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were determined in serum. The expressions of mRNAs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also determined in rat synovial tissues. Results: Arglabin significantly decreased the paw swelling and arthritic scores, but significantly increased the paw withdrawal latency, when compared to the arthritis group (p < 0.05). It also attenuated the altered levels of inflammatory cytokines in arthritic rats, and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators, when compared to the arthritis group (p < 0.05). The expressions of mRNAs of NFkB, COX-2 and iNOS also significantly decreased in arglabin-treated group, relative to the arthritis group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anti-arthritic activity of arglabin is due to its effect on inflammatory pathway via decreases in the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and decrease in the expressions of NFkB, COX-2 and iNOS in the synovial tissues of arthritic rats.