In rapidly adapting asexual populations, including many microbial pathogens and viruses, numerous mutant lineages often compete for dominance within the population 1-5. These complex evolutionary dynamics determine the outcomes of adaptation, but have been difficult to observe directly. While earlier studies used whole-genome sequencing to follow molecular adaptation 6-10 , these methods have limited resolution in microbial populations. Here, we introduce a novel renewable barcoding system to observe evolutionary dynamics at high resolution in laboratory budding yeast. We find nested patterns of interference and hitchhiking even at low frequencies. These events are driven by the continuous appearance of new mutations that modify the fates of Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:

LRRK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase previously implicated in immunity against intracellular pathogens. In this study, Liu et al. report that LRRK2 promotes the host defense against Salmonella Typhimurium infection by phosphorylating NLRC4 at Ser533, thereby promoting the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome.

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