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The mechanism of shield–soil interaction and multi-phase equilibrium control theory in shield tunneling process still lack sufficient understanding. Aiming at this problem, with the improved calculation method of loose earth pressure, the initial boundary problem of shield attitude calculation was solved. Based on the ground reaction curve, the shield–soil interaction was simulated by the equivalent springs, and the displacement of surrounding soil was calculated during the change of the shield attitude. Then, the theoretical method of surrounding soil load acting on the shield were obtained. In summary, the calculation method of shield attitude was obtained. This method has three main applications in engineering, namely the inversion of shield–soil interaction force, the prediction of pitch angle and the prediction of yawing angle. Finally, combined with Jinan Metro Line R2 shield tunnel project, the shield attitude was monitored in real time and compared with the theoretical value. The results show that the trend of the theoretical values of pitch angle and yawing angle were basically the same as the measured value, but the theoretical value was generally larger than the measured value. The research results can provide a useful reference for the shield attitude adjustment.

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