The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, Beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2002 and 2003. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was revealed lastly.

EC value, pH value, pE value, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of surface water and groundwater in the Jiantan River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were measured and analyzed to depict the spatial distribution of nitrate and nitrite pollution in the study basin. The results show the nitrate nitrogen level of the groundwater in the study basin is holistically larger than those of the surface water, and nitrate nitrogen level of the surface water in the study basin reveals a gradually elevatory tendency from the upstream river to the lower reaches of a river. Correlativity analysis reveals the relationship between the nitrate nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen level of the surface water samples in the study basin.

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