We report Co3O4 nanobelt arrays (NBAs) assembled with ultrathin nanosheets prepared on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates as electrocatalysts for the CER.

An efficient lateral Z-scheme CdS/Bi4TaO8Cl photocatalyst based on the facet-dependent charge separation mechanism and the bandgap structure characteristic was designed.

CdS–MoS2 photoelectrode with a double layers core shell structure was prepared on Mo substrate through using a simple electrodeposition and– in situ sulfurization method on Mo substrate.

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Based on the interface engineering, a novel BNNS@Ti3C2 intercalation electrocatalyst was designed, and it exhibited an outstanding HER performance.