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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilize “Wuli‐Shili‐Renli (WSR)” system methodology to analyze complexity of knowledge and knowledge management and create models for knowledge management system (KMS) synthetically.Design/methodology/approachAs a complex system, knowledge management should be analyzed and established by system methodologies. There are many system methodologies. Owing to WSR is characteristic of oriental culture; the paper introduces concept and working process of WSR system methodology in knowledge management from WSR perspective.FindingsWSR system methodology can be used to analyze contents of WSR in KMS and to establish an effective KMS.Research limitations/implicationsHow to define WSR in KMS is a little difficult for users.Practical implicationsA new approach for system analysis and establishment of a successful KMS.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the WSR system approach can integrate quantitative approach and qualitative analysis to analyze and establish a KMS synthetically.

Low-carbon economic efficiency is an important indicator that can be used to measure the quality of regional economic development. In this study, an improved DEA model is introduced into the calculation of low-carbon economic efficiency in Zhejiang Province. Using the actual data of nine prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2020, the low-carbon economic efficiency of each prefecture-level city is calculated. The result is that the overall low-carbon economic efficiency of Zhejiang Province indicates a trend of first falling and then rising, and the low-carbon economic efficiencies of different prefecture-level cities largely differ. The causes of six inefficient DMUs (prefecture-level cities) are analyzed using projection. The improved DEA model is used to determine the “expansion coefficient” of the input and output of three DMUs (prefecture-level cities) with relatively low-carbon economic efficiency. The research results provide a strong basis and support for the development of a low-carbon economy for Zhejiang Province.