The liquidus temperature of steel is greatly affected by its chemical composition; therefore, the value of the liquidus temperature can vary among different types of steel. In this study, on the basis of the concept of differentiation, the Fe‐i binary phase diagram is analyzed using Photoshop image processing software. The effects of eleven common alloying elements (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ca, Ni, Cu, Cr, Nb, and Mo, whose content is between 0%∼4%) on the melting point of pure iron are analyzed. This analysis proves the following assumption to be incorrect: the relationship between the change in liquidus temperature and the content of element i is a linear relationship; this assumption is the basis of traditional liquidus calculation models. A new model for calculating the liquidus temperature of steel is established in this study. As compared to data from other literature, the model proposed in this paper has good generality and the calculation error of the liquidus temperature of steel is between −3 and 4 °C, which is acceptable. A statistical analysis of the experimental data for different steel grades (obtained from Laiwu Special Steel) using the developed model showed that 87.2% of the absolute deviation values of the temperature are within 4 °C. This result shows the model to be both reasonable and credible.
This study proposed a new low-temperature premixed combustion mode to achieve the simultaneous reduction of NO x and soot emissions in a volume production diesel engine of CA6DF by reconstructing key systems. Some developments of this diesel engine are as follows. A straight port and large diameter combustion chamber of a low compression ratio was developed. Inlet ports of a high induction swirl ratio were developed. A cooled EGR was developed. Especially, an ultra-multihole (UMH) nozzle was developed. It has two layers of injection holes and a large flow area. Two sprays of the upper and under layers meet in the space of the combustion chamber. The results showed that the operation range of this diesel engine to achieve the better lowtemperature premixed combustion is as follows. The speed can cover from the idle speed to the rated speed. The load can reach to 50% of the full load of the corresponding external characteristics speed. The NO x and soot emissions of this operation range are simultaneously largely reduced, even by 80%-90% at most test cases, while keeping the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) from being significantly deteriorated.
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