We investigated phase transitions in a diblock copolymer-homopolymer hybrid system blended with nanorods (NRs) by using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. We systematically studied the effects of the number, length and infiltration properties of the NRs on the self-assembly of the composites and the phase transitions occurring in the material. An analysis of the phase diagram was carried out to obtain the formation conditions of sea island structure nanorodbased aggregate, sea island structure nanorod-based dispersion, lamellar structure nanorod-based multilayer arrangement and nanowire structure. Further analysis of the evolution of the domain sizes and the distribution of the nanorod angle microphase structure was performed. Our simulation provides theoretical guidance for the preparation of ordered nanowire structures and a reference to improve the function of a polymer nanocomposite material.