In this paper, the influence of concrete strength, diameter, cover thickness, anchorage length, and stirrups ratio on the bonding performance of the HSCR rebar in concrete are experimentally investigated. A nonlinear FE model for simulating the bond performance between HSCR and concrete is established and validated, and the influencing parameters are parametrically investigated. Moreover, the applicability of the ultimate bond strength model for HSCR-concrete is comparatively discussed, and a new model is proposed and validated to give relatively accurate prediction. Based on the proposed model, the anchorage reliability analysis is conducted, the influencing parameters as well as their variation on the reliability of bond strength are discussed, and the reliable anchorage length is recommended.