Objective This study investigated the cost‐effectiveness of a community‐based colorectal cancer‐screening program (C‐CRCSP) in Shanghai, China, among the residents in the urban, suburban and rural areas. Methods A Markov model was constructed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a 25‐year annual C‐CRCSP including 100 000 populations. Cost‐effectiveness was determined by the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER); referring to either life‐years gained, or quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) gained. The threshold was gross domestic product per capita. Univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the influence of compliance, prevalence, technological performance, medical cost and annual cost discount rate (3.5%) on ICER. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis evaluated the probability of the cost‐effectiveness of C‐CRCSP at different maximum acceptable ceiling ratios. Results Compared with no screening, the C‐CRCSP resulted in total gains of 7840 QALYs and 2210 life‐years (LY), at a total cost of CNY 58.54 million; that is, the ICER were CNY 7460/QALYs and CNY 26650/LY. Stratifying by residency, the cumulative gains in QALYs and LY were estimated to be the lowest in the urban populations compared with the rural and suburban populations. The cost for the urban population was 3‐fold and 6‐fold that of the suburban and rural populations. The ICER for QALYs ranged from 2180 (rural) to 16 840 (urban). Conclusion The cost‐effectiveness of a C‐CRCSP in Shanghai was most favorable for the rural population, while the urban population benefits less in terms of QALYs. ICER could be enhanced by measures that increase compliance.

Abstract-Metamaterial absorber (MMA), as a kind of new-style artificial absorption material, has been extensively researched and discussed. Currently, however, the research focuses mainly on the development and application of the novel structure MMA, and only little work is aimed at the physical mechanism of the MMA. In order to deeply understand the absorption mechanism, in this paper, the numerical simulation results of an MMA are given. Then, based on the reflection theory modal, the numerical simulation results are well discussed and explained in detail. It is found that the theoretical results agree well with that of the simulation, which suggests that the reflection theory modal is effective for analyzing the absorption mechanism of the MMA. The main contributions of this paper are to quantitatively discuss and explain the absorption mechanism of the MMA by using the reflection theory and thus offer a consultation in design and fabrication of the advanced MMA for engineers.

A new brake-by-wire system based on direct-drive electro-hydraulic brake unit for flexibly modulating brake force is designed to improve braking performance and ride comfort. The structure of the brake unit and the composition of the system are discussed in detail. The simulation and experiment are completed to verify the brake unit is fast responsible and reliable after studying the unit model. At last, a vehicle model based onMatlab/SimulinkandAMESimis established to verify that this new system is of fast response and is able to control brake force on every wheel independently and continuously.

Due to MFCC characteristic parameter in speech recognition has low identification accuracy when signal is intermediate, high frequency signal, this paper put forward a improved algorithm of combining MFCC, Mid-MFCC and IMFCC, using increase or decrease component method to calculate the contribution that MFCC, Mid-MFCC and IMFCC each order cepstrum component was used in speech emotion recognition, extracting several order cepstrum component with highest contribution from three characteristic parameters and forming a new characteristic parameter. The experiment results show that under the same environment new characteristic parameter has higher recognition rate than classic MFCC characteristic parameter in speech emotion recognition.

The Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) which is one of three scientific instruments onboard the NASA-led Swift satellite provides simultaneous ultraviolet and optical photometric data. We present the installing procedures of HEASoft software and the detailed method for using the HEASoft in UVOT photometric data processions. We focus on the application of photometry processes, and present the photometry of Quasar PKS 0537-441. The analysis of the photometric data shows that this source has extreme variations in optical and ultraviolet bands and the shape of photometric flux curves in each band is excellently in agreement with each other.