Scaffolds with osteogenic differentiation function play an important role in the healing process of bone defects. Here, we designed a high strength Poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate/Hydroxyapatite (PEGDA/HA) mineralized hydrogel loaded with Exendin4 for inducing osteogenic differentiation. In this study, PEGDA hydrogel was prepared by photo initiating method. PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel was prepared by in-situ precipitation method, and Exendin4 was loaded by gel adsorption. The effects of different calcium and phosphorus concentrations on the strength and Exendin4 release of PEGDA/HA hydrogels were investigated. Rat models of bone defect were made and randomly divided into 5 groups. The experimental group was implanted with PEGDA hydrogel, Exendin4-PEGDA hydrogel, PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel, Exendin4-PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel, and no materials were implanted in the blank control group. Computed tomography (CT) and histology were observed 4 and 8 weeks after operation. Our results revealed that the PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel had porous structure, high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility. In vitro release test showed that the mineralized hydrogel exhibited good sustained release profile within 20 d. The animal experiments showed that the mineralized hydrogel accelerated the formation of new bone after 4 and 8 weeks, and formed a seamless union on the defected bone area after 8 weeks. In conclusions, The Exendin4-PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel can effectively repair bone defects in rats, and it is expected to be used as a biomaterial for human bone tissue repair.