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There are two fundamental components of CFT theory (Nelson & Ginn, 2011): (a) prediction of the single-collector efficiency (η) at the pore scale, and (b) upscaling to the deposition rate coefficient (k d ) to analyze transport and retention phenomena of colloid particles at the macroscale. Various approaches have been used to obtain η, such as the analytical solution based on the additivity assumption (Yao et al., 1971), Eulerian simulations with pore-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for flow (

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