A probe based on the phenothiazine-acridine orange conjugate (Ptz-AO) has been designed and synthesized for the sensitive and selective detection of HOCl. Ptz-AO has excellent properties, including pH-independence of fluorescence, high resistance to photobleaching, and response in real time. The value of Ptz-AO was confirmed by exogenous, endogenous and the real-time imaging of HOCl in vitro using a fluorescence microscope.

The synthesis of a novel rectilinearly π-extended rhodamine dye (TJ730) has been described. It exhibits NIR fluorescence emission with a Stokes shift of >110 nm. TJ730 and its ester derivative are cell permeable, have low cytotoxicity, are biocompatible, and can be directly used as NIR tracers for lysosome staining. Using TJ730 as a precursor, two probes have been prepared for Cu.

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A lysosome-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe SHCy-C for detecting and imaging endogenous Cys in living cells has been developed.