With the advent of the information age, the traditional practice teaching model presents many limitations and the popularization of the Internet makes the integration of network resources in the practice teaching of political theory courses begin to attract the attention of scholars. It has become the general trend to realize the integration of network resources in practical teaching. In view of some teachers’ lack of scientific research on the goal orientation of resource integration, there are phenomena of blind accumulation of resources, complex resource structure, and aging resource content in the teaching resource integration of the political theory course. Therefore, based on the excellent performance of the collaborative filtering algorithm in similarity, this paper improves the inaccurate and unstable situation of traditional political theory course network resource integration by modifying parameters such as Pearson similarity function and optimizing the algorithm structure. Strengthening the integration and utilization of practical teaching resources is conducive to improving the effectiveness of political theory course teaching and to alleviating the current situation of serious shortage of practical teaching resources in political theory courses.