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In tunnel and shaft construction, the impermeability of concrete lining joint is involved with the safety of the lining structure. The chloride ion diffusion test is used to test the impermeability of concrete sample. The orthogonal test is designed with three factors, including water-cement ratio, waterproof interface form and prestress load. Each factor establishes three levels. The test results show that the interface form has the greatest influence on impermeability, followed by the prestress load, which can be used to optimize the design of concrete lining joints.