IntroductionNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease, are heavy burdens to global health and economic development worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that exercise, a type of non-invasive intervention, has a positive impact on the life quality of elderly with neurodegenerative diseases. X-omics are powerful tools for mapping global biochemical changes in disease and treatment.MethodThree major databases were searched related to current studies in exercise intervention on neurodegenerative diseases using omics tools, including metabolomics, metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.ResultWe summarized the omics features and potential mechanisms associated with exercise and neurodegenerative diseases in the current studies. Three main mechanisms by which exercise affects neurodegenerative diseases were summed up, including adult neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism.ConclusionOverall, there is compelling evidence that exercise intervention is a feasible way of preventing the onset and alleviating the severity of neurodegenerative diseases. These studies highlight the importance of exercise as a complementary approach to the treatment and intervention of neurodegenerative diseases in addition to traditional treatments. More mechanisms on exercise interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, the specification of exercise prescriptions, and differentiated exercise programs should be explored so that they can actually be applied to the clinic.

A new type of long-period fiber grating is proposed and demonstrated. The structure of the device consists of a few micro air-channels along a single-mode fiber, and is fabricated by using a femtosecond laser to inscribe a few groups of fiber inner waveguide arrays followed by hydrofluoric acid etching. The length of the long-period fiber grating is down to 600 µm, corresponding to only five grating periods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest long-period fiber grating reported. The device has a good refractive index sensitivity of ∼587.08 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) in the refractive index range of 1.34–1.365 and a relatively small temperature sensitivity of ∼12.1 pm/°C, thus reducing the temperature cross-sensitivity. Such a device is expected to have promising photonic applications.

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