Three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) based on fluorescent speckle pattern is becoming popular for measuring 3D profiles and deformations. However, the simultaneous monitoring of both the front and rear surfaces remains challenging due to the different refractive indexes of light in different media. In this study, we utilized a multispectral 3D DIC method using fluorescent speckle patterns and a 3CCD camera for the front and rear surfaces measurement of transparent objects. Fluorescent speckle patterns excited red or blue light were sprayed on the interested surfaces before measurement. Then, the red channel and blue channel sub-systems of a virtual 3D DIC system with a 3CCD camera were used to simultaneously capture both the front and back surfaces, respectively. To unify the sub coordinate systems of different channels, a calibration model of the 3CCD camera considering the sensor designed optical path difference (OPD) was proposed. Furthermore, profile reconstruction was corrected based on Snell's law to eliminate the refractive distortion caused by the different refractive indexes. The experimental results of transparent flat and curved objects showed that the accuracy of this method was significantly improved.