Mass-transfer correlations developed during the last several decades for packed column used for industrial fractionation, adsorption, etc. are reviewed. Theoretical basis and applicability of the reviewed correlations are discussed and compared concisely. Some dominant correlations and their parameters, as well as some considerations for further improvement, are also summarized and discussed.

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A general and metal-free visible-light-induced decarboxylative arylation procedure at room temperature was described for the construction of acylated heterocyclic derivatives, such as benzimidazo/indolo­[2,1-a]­isoquinolin-6­(5H)-ones, aroylazaspiro[4.5]­trienones, thioflavones, and so on. This practical arylation procedure was conducted by using 2,4,5,6-tetra­(9H-carbazol-9-yl)­isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) as a photocatalyst under mild conditions, which avoided the use of an additional base, traditional heating, and metal reagents.