At present, with the rapid growth of China’s comprehensive national power, China wants to accelerate the construction of world-class universities and world-class disciplines to match it. Therefore, the education and management of university teachers is crucial, and the current research results at home and abroad in this area are remarkable. In this paper, we will start from the innovative application of university teachers’ management system and use the Oracle and SQL Server database processors commonly used in big data processing to process data. It is concluded that China’s teaching force is gradually balanced; the comprehensive quality of the teaching force is improving; the academic atmosphere is more open; the fields and perspectives of academic research are richer; the distribution of teachers at all levels in China is more balanced; the comprehensive quality of our teachers is improving; the system of education and scientific research in China’s universities is improving; and the ecological management system of universities is improving. In addition, in view of the current situation of education and management of teachers in China’s colleges and universities, according to the results of big data analysis, we also propose (1) to improve the academic level and establish a strict institutional threshold for the college teaching profession; (2) to effectively implement the policy of freedom and equality in academic academia and improve the appointment and evaluation system of teachers and principals in higher education institutions; (3) to insist on implementing the principle of academic fairness and optimizing the teacher evaluation system; (4) to innovate and implement the incentive mechanism for teachers in colleges and universities according to the talent training characteristics of teachers’ academic career ability; and (5) to establish the access system of college teachers’ career development and promote academic career development and other suggestions of big data management for college teachers.