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The combination tanning using titanium (III) and hydrolysable tannin extracts was reported as a better tannage to improve the properties of leather than condensed ones. One of the most obvious differences between these tannin extracts was the gallic acid content. To clarify the effect of this reactive structure on tannin-Ti (III) combination tanning, Acacia Mangium tannin extract (no gallic acid), Orange Oil tannin extract (25% gallic acid) and Strawberry Tree tannin extract (40% gallic acid) were selected for tannin-Ti (III) complex and tanning experiments. The quantity of precipitation, pH of complexation system and shrinkage temperature were used as main evaluation factors of this investigation. Under different temperature and pH conditions with different dosages of tannin extracts and Ti (III) agent, their complex ability and tanning ability were studied respectively. The results show that: the gallic acid in tannin extracts could improve its complex ability with Ti (III) under different temperature and pH conditions; the tannin extracts with more gallic acid showed higher effective complexation index, and better reactivity to complex with Ti (III). So, higher thermal stability was obtained with less tanning agent; under tanning condition, the more the gallic acid content in tannin extracts, the higher the thermal stability of leather presented. This research could provide a reference for the Ti (III) -vegetable extracts combination tanning. KEY WORDS: gallic acid, tannin extract, combination tanning INFLUENÞA CONÞINUTULUI DE ACID GALIC ASUPRA TÃBÃCIRII COMBINATE TANIN-TITAN (III)REZUMAT. S-a relatat cã tãbãcirea combinatã folosind titan (III) ºi extracte tanante hidrolizabile de tanin este mai bunã decât cele condensate pentru îmbunãtãþirea proprietãþilor pielii. Una dintre cele mai evidente diferenþe dintre aceste extracte tanante este conþinutul de acid galic. Pentru a clarifica influenþa acestei structuri reactive asupra tãbãcirii combinate tanin-Ti (III), s-au selectat extracte tanante din Acacia Mangium (fãrã acid galic), ulei de portocale (25% acid galic) ºi arbut (40% acid galic) pentru experimente de complexare ºi tãbãcire cu tanin-Ti (III). Principalii factori de evaluare în cadrul acestei investigaþii au fost cantitatea de precipitat, pH-ul sistemului de complexare ºi temperatura de contracþie. În condiþii de temperaturã ºi valori pH diferite, cu doze diferite de extracte tanante ºi de agent Ti (III), s-a studiat capacitatea lor de complexare ºi cea de tãbãcire. Rezultatele aratã cã: acidul galic din extractele tanante poate îmbunãtãþi capacitatea de complexare cu Ti (III) în condiþii de temperaturã ºi valori pH diferite; extractele tanante cu o cantitate mai mare de acid galic au prezentat un indice de complexare mai eficient ºi o reactivitate mai bunã la complexarea cu Ti (III). Aºadar, s-a obþinut o stabilitate termicã mai mare cu mai puþin agent tanant; în condiþii de tãbãcire, cu cât mai mare a fost conþinutul de acid galic din extractele tanante, cu atât mai mare a fost stabilitatea termicã a...

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL ACID RAIN ON ALUMINIUM TANNED LEATHERABSTRACT. This article aims at studying the influence of gaseous pollutants on aluminium tanned leather. Artificial acid rain was used to soak the aluminium tanned collagen materials for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, then some analytical techniques were used to evaluate the changes of leather during the aging process. Micro hot table (MHT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to evaluate the influence of artificial acid rain on thermal behaviors. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to investigate the changes of fibrous morphology during aging process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the changes of structural property after artificial acid rain treatment. With the extension of aging time, thermal stability and heat resistance were gradually reduced, including shrinkage temperature, thermal denaturing temperature, associated enthalpy, weight loss and temperature for maximum decomposition rate. SEM images showed that the collagen fibers were greatly damaged, the gaps among fibres were disappeared and the fibre bundles were randomly ruptured with the aging time. The FT-IR results showed that, during the aging process, amide A band was moved to higher numbers, amide I and amide II band of collagen were gradually shifted to lower numbers. Consequently, the structure and performance of aluminium tanned leather were damaged by artificial acid rain and the longer the aging time is, the greater the damage is. KEY WORDS: leather making; aluminium tanned leather; artificial acid rain; aging INFLUENTA PLOII ACIDE ARTIFICIALE ASUPRA PIELII TABACITE CU ALUMINIU REZUMAT. Obiectivul acestui articol este acela de a studia influenta poluantilor gazosi asupra pielii tabacite cu aluminiu. S-a utilizat ploaia acida artificiala pentru a înmuia materialul colagenic tabacit cu aluminiu timp de 0, 4, 8, 12 si 16 zile, apoi s-au efectuat anumite analize pentru a evalua modificarile pielii în timpul procesului de îmbatrânire. S-au utilizat tehnicile Micro Hot Table (MHT), calorimetria cu scanare diferentiala (DSC) si termogravimetria (TG) pentru a evalua influenta ploii acide artificiale asupra comportamentului termic. Microscopia electronica de baleiaj (SEM) a fost utilizata pentru a investiga modificarile morfologiei fibroase în timpul procesului de îmbatrânire. Spectroscopia în infrarosu cu transformata Fourier (FT-IR) a fost utilizata pentru a investiga modificarile proprietatilor structurale dupa tratamentul cu ploaie acida artificiala. Odata cu prelungirea timpului de îmbatrânire, stabilitatea termica si rezistenta la caldura s-au redus treptat, inclusiv temperatura de contractie, temperatura de denaturare termica, entalpia asociata, pierderea în greutate si temperatura ratei maxime de descompunere. Imaginile SEM au aratat ca fibrele de colagen au fost foarte deteriorate, golurile dintre fibre au disparut, iar fasciculele de fibre s-au rupt în mod aleatoriu, odata cu prelungirea timpului de îmbat...

Aims. To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made Lifei Dingchuan decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of cough variant asthma (phlegm-heat accumulation in the lung syndrome). Materials and Methods. The clinical data of 90 patients with cough variant asthma who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of our hospital from January 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the research objects, and they were equally divided into the observation group and the reference group according to different treatment methods, 45 cases in each group. The group was treated with traditional montelukast sodium chewable tablet and salmeterol fluticasone mixed powder inhalation, and the observation group was treated with self-made Lifei Dingchuan decoction on the basis of the control group, saturation, pH, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Results. After the patients underwent self-made Lifei Dingchuan decoction, there were significant differences between the observation group and the reference group in terms of heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, pH value, arterial blood oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and within the group. There was a statistical difference ( P < 0.05 ). The adverse reactions in patients with cough variant asthma after treatment showed that the red throat, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and dry mouth in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). After investigation, follow-up, and statistics, the hospitalization time, hospitalization cost, asthma exacerbation control time, effective rate, and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The study on the clinical efficacy and low hospitalization cost of the self-prepared lung and asthma-restorative soup in patients with cough variant asthma significantly improved the patients’ arterial oxygen saturation, acid-base value, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide and effectively controlled the heart rate and respiratory rate with high safety, which is worth further promotion.