In order to simulate the typical road tunnel fire, the causes of fire and kinds of fire were analyzed. One kind of CFD software FDS was used to simulated the three kinds of fire scales. The temperature and visibility of tunnel zone were calculated. The simulation results show that the highest temperature of central axis section reaches to 720 , and the highest temperature of side wall reaches to 566 under small fire scales. The highest temperature of central axis section reaches to 820 , and the highest temperature of side wall reaches to 817 under medium fire scales. The highest temperature of central axis section reaches to 1000 , and the highest temperature of side wall reaches to 989 under large fire scales .Base on the previous results of experiments and the results of simulation, the failure of tunnel lining were analyzed on three kinds of fire scales. The results of paper can provide the direction on prevention of tunnel lining failure under fire.