This study was aimed to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of sporotrichosis in China and specifically Jilin Province, which is one of the areas with the highest incidence worldwide, and to provide data support for the global prevalence of sporotrichosis. Methods: A total of 4969 cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2019 were collected. Results: In Jilin Province, the male-to-female ratio was 1:2, the average age at onset was 48 ± 1 years, and the average disease duration was 4.8 ± 2.7 months. The most susceptible individuals were farmers. Cases occurred more commonly in the winter and spring (71.5%) than in the summer and autumn (28.5%). The fixed type infection was more prevalent. Among the cases, 64.8% showed typical mycological changes, and 77.6% showed atypical pathological changes. Regarding the epidemiological characteristics of sporotrichosis in China, 6565 cases were retrieved from the literature from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Among them, the most affected area was Jilin Province, followed by Heilongjiang Province, and Liaoning Province. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.46. The fixed type infection was the most common. A total of 241 strains were identified by molecular biotechnology; among these, 217 were identified as Sporothrix globosa and 24 were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto. Discussion: The results add clarity to the clinical epidemiology of sporotrichosis in China and specifically Jilin Province. We believe these data will help improve the epidemiology knowledge of sporotrichosis worldwide.

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Introduction: Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the main treatment for port wine stain (PWS), but a considerable number of patients show low clearances. The reason for the poor efficacy is related to PDL-induced angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in PDL-induced angiogenesis and can activate the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in endothelial cells. It triggers a full range of responses, and then participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Tivozanib is an inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity, which can block the pro-angiogenic effect of VEGF and reduce vascular permeability. Method: Different energy densities of PDL were used to irradiate the abdominal skin of rats. According to the general and pathological changes of the irradiated area, the energy density of 8 J/cm 2 with smaller scab and stronger vascular effect was selected for follow-up experiments. Divided the rat abdomen skin into four areas, irradiated three of them uniformly with an energy density of 8 J/cm 2 , and applied different concentrations of Tivozanib coating agent to the laser irradiation area, and grouped them as follows: (1) vacant group, (2) control group, (3) 0.5% Tivozanib group, (4) 1% Tivozanib group. Camera and dermoscopy were used to observe skin changes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and blood vessels were counted to detect dermal vascular regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to elucidate the mechanism and validate the reliability.Results: The number of blood vessels in the 0.5% Tivozanib group and 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced on the 7, 10, and 14 days compared with the control group. The number of blood vessels in the 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced compared with the 0.5% Tivozanib group, indicating that Tivozanib successfully inhibited PDL-induced angiogenesis, and the inhibitory effect of 1% Tivozanib was more significant than that of 0.5% Tivozanib. Transcriptome sequencing results showed a total of 588 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 90 upregulated genes and 498 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the significantly differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways which were closely related to angiogenesis. Finally, real-time PCR was used to verify the genes with higher expression differences, the top ranking and closely related to angiogenesis, namely,