With both the social and the economic development, air pollution has become a matter of high concern to both the public and the government. Vehicle exhaust emissions on traffic roads are the main source of urban air pollution in urban area, which poses a significant threat and impact on the health of urban residents. In order to solve the excessive urban pollutants in a better and more efficient way, reasonable and economic solutions should be investigated from the three aspects, including source identification, pollutant distribution and treatment measures. As for the distribution of pollutants in regional urban scale, this paper analyzes and summarizes the four influencing factors, including different urban layout schemes, meteorological conditions, roadside tree configurations and motor vehicle flows. The methods to study the distribution of air pollutants are summarized. Meanwhile, China has promulgated many standards and policies for the treatment of pollutants, which has achieved good results. To control urban pollutants from the root, it is necessary to look at the problem of urban pollutants from various aspects with appropriate methods, affordable human and material resources and reasonable relevant policies. This study provides a scientific support for control of traffic-related pollutants in urban area.