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Background In recent years, early rehabilitation after spinal fusion and the recovery of physiological curvature have attracted much attention. Therefore, expandable cages have entered the field of vision of scientists. The goal of the current study was to compare the clinical and radiological results of unilateral portal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with expandable versus static cages. Methods We retrospectively analysed patients who received ULIF treatment for DLS from May 2019 to February 2021. Patients were categorized by cage type (static vs. expandable), and the main study was the preop and postop clinical and radiological index changes of the patients. Results Eighty-four patients were included (38 in the static cages group; 46 in the expandable cages group). There was no difference in the preop results between the two groups. The VAS scores for low back and leg pain and ODI scores in the expandable cages group 7 d postop were significantly superior to those in the static cages group (P < 0.05), and the segmental angle and PDH in the expandable cages group postop were significantly higher than those in the static cages group (P < 0.05). The fusions at 6 m postop in the expandable cages group were superior to those in the Static Cages group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study showed that compared with the stable cage group, the expandable cage group had unique advantages in restoring the physiological curvature of the lumbar spine, increasing the fusion rate, and relieving pain in the early postoperative period. ULIF can be used to treat single-segment, mild lumbar spondylolisthesis patients using expandable cages instead of static cages.