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Since the occurrence of debris flow hazards is related to many factors, this paper selects five evaluation indicators: rainfall, lithology level, slope gradient, undulation degree and distance from faultages based on the three scopes of geomorphology, meteorology and geology. In this paper, the data extracted from the occurrence point of historical debris flow disaster is used, and BP neural network is used for training, then the weights of evaluation indicators are obtained. Finally, the GIS software is used to superimpose and analyze these indicators, and the risk of debris flow in Ya’an city is divided into five levels, thus the danger distribution map of debris flow in Ya’an city is obtained. And the map is compared with historical debris flow disaster occurrence points, the results show that, three districts of Tiancheng County, Lushan County and Baoxing County have the highest overall risk; the overall risk of Yingjing County, Yucheng District and Shimian County is high; and the overall risk of Hanyuan County and Mingshan District is relatively low. The evaluation results reflect the actual situation of the spatial distribution of debris flow in Ya’an city, which can provide a scientific basis for the development of reasonable flood control and disaster against planning in Ya’an city.