The safe service state of railway steel girders directly affects the safety of frame bridge jacking and the operation of existing lines. For this reason, this paper first adopts a dynamic and static method to analyze the deflection, acceleration, and stress value of temporary steel beams, personnel factors, management factors, and environmental factors. In terms of factors, a safety evaluation index system for the service status of the beams is established, and then, the subjective and objective weights of the indicators are determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the coefficient of variation method. The combined weights of the indicators are calculated by introducing game theory. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to obtain the security level of the beam service status. The weight of the indicators that affects the safety of the service state of the beam and the order of risks can be obtained through the calculation. For the indicators ranked first, measures such as increasing the amount of monitoring can be prioritized to reduce the possibility of safety accidents in frame bridge jacking construction and existing line operation.