The Shandong Peninsula is located in northern China and is bordered by the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea (Figure 1a). The coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula are forced by the East Asian monsoon system (Huang et al., 2012), land runoff and coastal currents, namely, the Bohai Coastal Current, the Lubei Coastal Current, and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current, which flow clockwise around the peninsula. In China, the coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula are intensively maricultured areas (Figure 1b; Ren et al., 2019;

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Numerical simulations of the eight major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1, N2, K2, P1, and Q1) in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas (BYES) were conducted using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) based on altimeter products from X-TRACK. Tidal harmonic constants and two-dimensional tidal current data with a spatial resolution of 1/12° were obtained. To validate the simulation results (SRs), harmonic constants from altimeters and tide gauges, two sea level anomaly time series, and velocity observations from 12 current meters were utilized. Additionally, data from five tidal models were used for comparison. The validation and comparison results demonstrated the accuracy of SR, especially when compared with coastal tide gauge data where SR performs exceptionally well. The cotidal charts and tidal current ellipses obtained through SR exhibited good continuity and consistency with the previous studies, effectively reflecting the tidal characteristics of the BYES. The SR can serve as a valuable reference and support for tidal-related fields in the BYES, including the supplement and verification of ocean measurements and the calculation of reference planes for ocean engineering.

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