According to the common phenomenon that accuracy of range-based location algorithm for WSN could not satisfy the requirement of location accuracy, PSO algorithm is introduced into localization for WSN. Meantime, to solve the premature convergence problem of PSO, improved algorithms with hybrid and mutation operators are proposed, leading to obtain a high level of particle population diversity, decrease the possibility of falling into local optima and improve location accuracy for WSN finally. The simulation results show that HPSO and MPSO have a better performance in localization than basic PSO algorithm. Moreover, evaluating the accuracy and convergence, HMPSO, who is combined with HPSO and MPSO, is an efficient solution to location problems for WSN.

A rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO) targeted at 5.8 GHz band operation is designed and fabricated using standard 0.18 m CMOS technology. Both simulation and measurement results are presented. The chip size including pads is 1.5 1.5 mm 2 . The measured output power at a frequency of 5.285 GHz is 6.68 dBm, with a phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier.

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