Conventionally, ammonia is produced from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR), water-gas shift reaction, and the Haber-Bosch process. The process uses fossil natural gas, which leads to 2.6 metric...

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B. Rugani). Authors' contribution B.R. designed the research work, conceived the methodology, and outlined the article contents. D.M.d.S. and B.W. contributed to the design of the research work and to writing the article; the remaining authors suggested discussion topics, revised the literature, and contributed to writing the article; F.V. and A.L. coordinated the overall initiative. Publisher's Disclaimer: DisclaimerThe views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the organizations to which they belong. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Life Cycle Initiative hosted by UN Environment concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of it authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the state policy of the Life Cycle Initiative, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Although US EPA employees contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed or funded by and was not subject to EPA's quality system requirements. Consequently, the views, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect or represent EPA's views or policies.

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