Background/Aims: Vitamin D status in relation to bladder carcinoma risk was still inconsistent. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and bladder carcinoma risk through a meta-analysis approach. Methods: Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Embase were searched systemically to find eligible studies from the earliest available date to April 16, 2015. The search terms “vitamin D”, “25-hydroxyvitamin D”, “bladder cancer” or “bladder carcinoma” were used to retrieve relevant studies. The exposure of interest was intake of vitamin D or serum vitamin D levels, and the outcome of interest was bladder carcinoma incidence or mortality. The pooled risk ratio (RR) values and their 95%CIs were calculated through meta-analysis. Results: Seven studies with a total of 62,141 participants met the inclusion criteria and were finally included into the meta-analysis. There was no heterogeneity among those included studies (I² = 0%, P = 0.53). The pooled RR of bladder carcinoma for the lowest category versus the highest category of vitamin D was 1.34 (95% CI 1.17-1.53, P < 0.0001). Sensitivity analysis by omitting one study by turns showed all the pooled RRs were statistically significant. Meta-analysis of 5 studies reporting outcomes of serum vitamin D levels also showed that the low serum vitamin D level was associated with increased risk of bladder carcinoma (RR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.15-1.52, P = 0.0001). No obvious risk of publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of bladder carcinoma in present study.

ABSTRACT. This study investigated the expression of microRNA-210 (miR-210) in tissue and serum of renal carcinoma patients and its effect on renal carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Thirtytwo renal carcinoma patients in our hospital were selected as the study group and 32 people receiving a physical examination were selected as the control group. miR-210 expression in the serum of renal carcinoma patients and in healthy subjects was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. After miR-210 overexpression and inhibition in ACHN cells in human renal carcinoma, ACHN cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and a transwell invasion assay. The expression of miR-210 was significantly higher in renal carcinoma than in corresponding paracarcinoma tissues (P < 0.001). The expression of miR-210 was significantly higher in the serum of renal carcinoma than in the control group (P < 0.001). ACHN cell proliferation and invasion were significantly increased and apoptosis was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) when miR-210 was overexpressed. ACHN cell proliferation and invasion were significantly decreased and apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.05) when miR-210 was inhibited. In conclusion, miR-210 was highly expressed in tissues and serum of renal carcinoma patients. miR-210 could promote the proliferation and invasion of renal carcinoma cells and inhibit the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cells.

quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) rs1800566 (Pro187Ser) is a functional polymorphism which leads to a proline-to-serine amino acid substitution at codon 187 in the NQO1 protein and enzyme activity changes. NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism was implicated to be associated with a risk of bladder cancer, but published studies showed inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis of nine publications with a total of 2,661 cases and 2,738 controls on the association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer. Data were extracted from those included studies, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the association. We found that there was no association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer under all four genetic models (Ser vs. Pro, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.97-1.16, P = 0.21, I(2) = 31%; SerSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.89-1.42, P = 0.33, I(2) = 44%; SerSer/ProSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.96-1.21, P = 0.20, I(2) = 27%; SerSer vs. ProPro/ProSer, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.85-1.32, P = 0.59, I(2) = 36%). Meta-analysis of those eight studies from Europeans also showed that there was no association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer under all four genetic models (Ser vs. Pro, OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.93-1.13, P = 0.66, I(2) = 20%; SerSer vs. ProPro, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75-1.30, P = 0.93, I(2) = 38%; SerSer/ProSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.92-1.17, P = 0.55, I(2) = 6%; SerSer vs. ProPro/ProSer, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.75-1.28, P = 0.87, I(2) = 39%). This meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism is not associated with a risk of bladder cancer. Further studies with larger samples are needed, especially for studies in Asians and Africans.

Sorafenib was examined to determine whether it improves postoperative effects during early stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 133 patients with early renal clear cell carcinoma (T1-2N0M0) with surgical indications were continuously selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to different treatments, including the surgery alone group (40 cases), surgery combined with cytokine group (45 cases) and surgery combined with sorafenib group (48 cases), to make a comparison of their clinical effects. The surgery combined with sorafenib group significantly reduced the recurrence rate and increased the survival rate (P<0.05). Its median survival period was >30 months and the other 2 groups were 27 months (P<0.05). In the subsequent 3 months patients were followed up and it was found that the creatinine levels were significantly elevated and hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased. The sorafenib group had significantly lower creatinine levels and higher hemoglobin levels than the other 2 groups (P<0.05). In the 3-month follow-up, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly reduced and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were elevated, although the sorafenib group had significantly decreased VEGF levels and a higher TNF-α level than the other 2 groups (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate was significantly lower than that of the surgery combined with cytokines group (P<0.05). In conclusion, sorafenib improves the early RCC postoperative survival rate and prolongs the survival time while reducing the recurrence rate. It does not increase adverse reactions, and improves renal function, by decreasing the level of VEGF, and improving the level of TNF-α.