Pirfenidone has an antiangiogenesis effect in the wound healing process and may become an ideal multitarget antiscarring agent after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome that is characterized by a combination of capillary abnormalities and dermal melanocytosis.We describe 3 cases of PPV combined with bilateral Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS), Ota nevus, and congenital glaucoma.Case 1 was a 2-year-old boy. Facial port-wine stains distributed along the 3 branches of his trigeminal nerves, which suggested the existence of SWS. Gray-blue patches were spread over the frontal and temporal areas of bilateral face, waist, buttocks, and thigh. Bilateral triangular alopecia was found on the temporal scalp. The diagnosis of Ota nevus was made by the bilateral scleral malanocystosis. Increased intraocular pressure, enlarged cornea, and pathologic optic disc cupping supported the diagnoses of infantile bilateral glaucoma. Case 2 was a 4-year-old boy. Port-wine stains were found on the face along the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve and distributed along the trunk, arms, and legs. Mongolian spots spread over his frontal and temporal areas of the bilateral face, waist, buttocks, thigh, abdomen, and back. Infantile glaucoma was found in both eyes. Ota nevus were found in the both eyes. Optic coherent tomography (OCT) scans revealed increased thickness of choroid. Case 3 was a 5-year-old boy. Besides Ota nevus and infantile glaucoma in both eyes, color Doppler ultrasonography showed choroidal hemagioma. OCT scan showed increased choroidal thickness. The bilateral triangular alopecia on the child's temporal scalp was similar to that of Case 1. Cases 1 and 2 presented with port-wine stain patches that were consistent with the characteristic manifestation of PPV type IIb. However, the CMTC of Case 3 met the diagnostic criteria for PPV type Vb.Case 1 was treated with trabeculotomies in both eyes. For Cases 2 and 3, surgical interventions were not considered due to the high risks of antiglaucomatous operation complications. We prescribed them antiglaucoma indications.The simultaneously coexistence of PPV with SWS, Ota nevus, and congenital glaucoma is rare. In the clinic, additional detailed examinations and tests of PPV patients to exclude other ocular abnormalities or extraocular involvements are necessary.

Pirfenidone inhibited HTFs proliferation and induced G1 arrest by downregulating CDKs and cyclins involving the AKT/GSK3β and MAPK signaling pathways.

To investigate the changes in retinal microglia and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after long-term administration of a Chinese herb extract, triptolide, in a DBA/2J mice. DBA/2J mice (n = 96) were administered triptolide (n = 48) 25 µg/kg or vehicle (n = 48) and were judged at 7, 9, 11 months of age. Long-term triptolide treatment tended to attenuate the anterior segment pathology in experimental group, though intraocular pressure was not significantly different between the two groups. In the experimental group, RGC survival was improved (7, 9, 11 months: p = 0.035, 0.004, 0.014), and microglia activation was suppressed based on a more ramified appearance (9, 11 months: p = 0.024, 0.013) and a lower total microglial cell count (7, 9, 11 months: p = 0.028, 0.025, 0.014). Double-immunofluorescence staining revealed TNF? localized to microglia, TNFR1 localized to the RGCs and nerve fiber layer. These findings indicate that long-term triptolide administration suppressed microglia activation and improved RGC survival in DBA/2J mice.

The aim of this study was to explore the immune repairing effect of a composition isolated from white peony root oral liquid (cWPROL), a traditional Chinese herbal composition, in the treatment of experimental radiation-induced esophagitis in rats. A total of 128 Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups, irradiated with 43 Gy 60Co γ-rays to induce esophagitis and treated by different methods. Flow cytometry, hematological analysis and immune nephelometry were used to detect the absolute numbers and percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, numbers and classification of leukocytes, and the levels of IgG and complement C3 in the peripheral blood of the rats at each experimental time point. Following irradiation, the total number of leukocytes, absolute numbers and percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and levels of IgG and complement C3 in the peripheral blood of the rats were decreased. Furthermore, the total numbers of leukocytes, absolute numbers and percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and levels of IgG and complement C3 in the peripheral blood were higher in the administered with cWPROL by intra-esophageal perfusion compared with those in the untreated irradiated groups, but lower in the groups treated with a mixture of lidocaine hydrochloride, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and gentamicin sulfate. This study suggested that cWPROL is able to repair the impaired cellular and humoral immunity of rats with radiation-induced esophagitis.