No abstract

Real-time monitoring of blood flow and thrombosis formation induced by laser irradiation is critical to reveal the thermal-damage mechanism and successfully implement vascular-dermatology laser surgery. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive technique to visualize perfusion in various tissues. However, the ability of the LSCI to monitor the transient thermal response of blood vessels, especially thrombus formation during laser irradiation, requires further research. In this paper, an LSCI system was constructed and a 632 nm He-Ne laser was employed to illuminate a Sprague Dawley rat dorsal skin chamber model irradiated by a 1064 nm Nd: YAG therapy laser. The anisotropic diffusion filtering (ADF) technique is implemented after temporal LSCI (tLSCI) processing to improve the SNR and temporal resolution. The speckle flow index is used to characterize the blood-flow velocity to reduce the computational cost. The combination of the tLSCI and ADF increases the temporal resolution by five times and the SNR by 17.2 times and 16.14 times, without and with laser therapy, respectively. The laser-induced thrombus formation and vascular damage during laser surgery can be visualized without any exogenous labels, which provides a powerful tool for thrombus monitoring during laser surgery.

To obtain land surface temperatures data with high spatiotemporal resolution, A Geographically Weighted Durbin Model(GWDM) for Spatial Downscaling of Land Surface Temperatures is newly proposed in this study. The normalized difference water index (NDWI), the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were selected as scale factors to conduct downscaling experiments. Beijing and Zhangye were taken as the study area. Compared with the thermal data sharpening (TsHARP), the geographically weighted regression (GWR), the geographically weighted autoregressive (GWAR). The results indicate that the GWDM-based algorithm has better spatial texture and is closer to the real image. The determination coefficient (Beijing: 0.88, Zhangye: 0.91), mean absolute error (Beijing: 0.85℃, Zhangye: 1.06℃) and root mean square error (Beijing: 1.22℃, Zhangye: 1.57℃) are better than the other three methods.

Speckle simulation is a powerful protocol to investigate the properties of speckle and evaluate image processing method. However, only static speckle images can be simulated by available methods without considering time-integrated effect of CCD. A time–integrated dynamic speckle simulation method basedon coherent imaging was developed. Through the new simulation method, the effect of speckle size on LSCI was investigated. The smaller the speckle size is, the higher the spatial resolution become.But the one-dimensional speckle size should exceed two pixels to sample the speckle pattern. The characteristics of existing speckle contrast imaging methods were studied based on spatial statistics, and optimal parameters are given to obtain accurate and less noisy image. In general, the new simulation method for laser speckle imaging is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow in vivo and lay a solid foundation for the study of hemodynamics.