Radiation technology has been recognized as a potential tool to modify starches in order to enhance their solubility and enzymatic digestion, hence improving their applicability in food industry. In the present study, the local cassava starch was irradiated under 60Co gamma source with the absorbed dose ranging from 1 to 10 kGy, and the obtained radiation‐modified starches were characterized. The microstructure of the initial cassava starch was not much changed although several starch granules were deformed or even fragmented by gamma irradiation as observed in the scanning electron microscopy images. Water solubility of the irradiated starch was significantly increased, and their viscosity was much reduced by radiation degradation. Gamma radiation broke glycosidic bonds in starch chains into smaller molecules with lower molecular weight, whereby increased the water solubility of cassava starch. Radiation scission also partly decreased the crystallinity of the starches irradiated with dose higher than 5 kGy as indicated in their X‐ray diffraction patterns. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of irradiated starches revealed the reduction in intensities of stretching vibration characterized for OH, CH, and COC groups of starch molecules. Thus, gamma irradiation can be used to modify cassava starch for further applications.

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces different types of toxin that have potent and specific insecticidal activity. In recent years, Bt toxins have been used as the safe biological control agents to protect crops replacing for chemical insecticides. Bt-based biopesticides that have been commercialized as the alternative products to control pests and insects for sustainable agriculture, contain toxicity crystals and a significant number of spores that affects to the soil microflora. These uncontrollable changes may contaminate the cultivation soil, and eventually cause adverse effects to human and animal health. Therefore, the living cells and spores existing in the Bt-biopesticides should be controlled. This study evaluates the effects of gamma radiation on spore viability, germination and growth of the existing spores after spraying on the soil and the insecticidal effectiveness of a Bt-based biopesticide (VBT) against lepidoptera larvae. We attempted to identify the optimal dose that couldinactivate Bt spores but the toxicity of Bt still retain highly. The results revealed that the dose of 20 kGy is enough to control all living cells and spores in the product that consists of approximately 5.2 × 107 spores in the initial VBT. Though the growth of existing spores after spraying on the soil reduced by 85% or more by irradiation, their insecticidal activity against Heliothis armigera larvae reduced by 20-30% only as compared to that of the initial VBT. It suggested that gamma irradiation can be applied as useful way to control the living cells and spores existing in the commercial Bt-based bio-pesticides, and the radiation dose of 20 kGy is enough to kill all spores in VBT, but still kept its insecticidal effect for Heliothis armigera larvae