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Energy enthusiasts in developed countries explore sustainable and efficient pathways for accomplishing zero carbon footprint through the H 2 economy. The major objective of the H 2 economy review series is to bring out the status, major issues, and opportunities associated with the key components such as H 2 production, storage, transportation, distribution, and applications in various energy sectors. Specifically, Part I discussed H 2 production methods including the futuristic ones such as photoelectrochemical for small, medium, and large-scale applications, while Part II dealt with the challenges and developments in H 2 storage, transportation, and distribution with national and international initiatives. Part III of the H 2 economy review discusses the developments and challenges in the areas of H 2 application in chemical/metallurgical industries, combustion, and fuel cells. Currently, the majority of H 2 is being utilized by a few chemical industries with >60% in the oil refineries sector, by producing grey H 2 by steam methane reforming on a large scale. In addition, the review also presents the challenges in various technologies for establishing greener and sustainable H 2 society.

Some kinds of amphiphilic lipids can spontaneously self-assemble with a proper ratio of water to form liquid crystalline, also known as cubic phase. With a curved bi-continuous lipid bilayer and two congruent networks of water channels, cubic phases can enclose hydrophilic, amphiphilic and hydrophobic drugs for delivery. Nanostructured cubosomes, prepared by fragmentation of bulk cubic phase gels or lyotropic methods, retain the same inner structure of cubic phase and possess much larger specific surface area and lower viscosity. These unique properties make cubosomes excellent delivery systems applicable for oral, mucosal, transdermal and parenteral drug delivery. This article gave an overview of the accelerated development and current status of cubosomes research, with respect to their preparation, characteristics and applications in pharmaceutics.

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