No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with designable structures and properties. Their crystallization typically relies on trial-and-error involving harsh conditions including organic solvents, presenting significant obstacles for rational design and large-scale production. Here, we present a liquid crystal directed synthesis methodology and its implementation for up to gram-scale production of highly crystalline COFs in water and air. It is compatible to monomers with different structures, shape, size, length of side chains, and electron-donating, electron-accepting and heterocyclic substitutions near reactive sites. 17 types of donor-acceptor two-dimensional COFs including 4 types of new ones and a three-Page 1 of 24 https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/ccsc CCS Chemistry dimensional COF with a yield of up to 94% were demonstrated, showing great generality of the method. The as-synthesized donor-acceptor COFs are organic semiconductors and contain macropores besides intrinsic mesopores which make them as attractive catalysts. The production of H 2 O 2 under visible light in water was studied and the structure-property relationships were revealed. The production rate reached 4347 μmol h -1 g cat -1 , which is about 467% better than that of the benchmark photocatalyst g-C 3 N 4 . This study will inspire the mild synthesis and scale-up of a wide spectrum of COFs and organic semiconductors as efficient catalysts, promote their structure-property investigation, and boost their applications.