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In this work, an Eulerian/Lagrangian approach has been employed to numerically investigate flow characteristics, heat transfer, and combustion processes in tangentially fired furnaces. Comprehensive models have been described in detail. An RNG k-ε model and a new cell face velocity interpolation method based on a nonstaggered grid system are employed to gain accuracy. To avoid pseudo-diffusion that is significant in modeling tangentially fired furnaces, some attempts have been made at improving the differential volume scheme. Some new developments on turbulent diffusion of particles are taken into account for improving computational accuracy. Numerical results achieve reasonable agreement with experimental data.

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