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Reineckia carnea has been used to treat several diseases in folk remedies. RCE-4 has been isolated from several plants of the family Liliaceae, but its biological activity has not yet been reported. In the present study, we found that RCE-4 exhibited potent cytotoxicity to the tested human cancer cell lines, and the CaSki cell line was the most sensitive with an IC50 of 3.37 µM. Thus, we presented the apoptosis-inducing effect of RCE-4 on CaSki cervical cancer cells and investigated the relevant mechanisms. Based on observations using transmission electron microscopy, RCE-4-treated cells manifested nuclear shrinkage, condensation and fragmentation. Annexin V/PI dual staining flow cytometry assay further confirmed that RCE-4 caused a dose-dependent early apoptotic effect. Prior to these events, RCE-4 triggered a rapid decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential and caused the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. RCE-4 increased the expression of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, thus augmenting the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings suggest that RCE-4 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in CaSki cells and has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.

Abstract:The accurate calculation and characteristic analysis of wind speed correlation (WSC) is the basis of wind farm equivalent modeling, wind power prediction and other advanced applications. It is well known that the accurate calculation of WSC depends on the quality of the raw data, and the WSC of wind turbines is related to spatial, time and meteorological conditions. However, the researches on the statistical analysis of time/meteorological WSC characteristics and the original data quality improvement for WSC calculation are rarely carried out. This paper reviews and redefines the concept and connotation of spatial, time and meteorological WSC. On this basis, a general process is proposed for WSC calculation including data classification, extraction and cleaning. Then the WSC characteristics between wind turbines are analyzed from time and meteorological dimensions based on the actual operation data. In addition, the influence of time WSC and meteorological WSC on wind turbine equivalent modeling and wind power prediction was discussed. The results of case study shows that the proposed general WSC calculation process is feasible and effective; the WSC for different time scales, wind speed ranges and wind directions varies greatly; the spatial WSC cannot characterize the time variability and directionality of the WSC. And the time and meteorological WSC characteristics are of great engineering value to improve the wind turbine equivalent modeling and wind power prediction accuracy, the influence of time scale and meteorological conditions should be considered in the applications of WSC.

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