No abstract

The freeze-drying process is a complex heat and mass transfer process virtually. The drying process of freeze-drying is not only the key stage which decides the success of freeze-drying, but also the most difficult stage to control. There are lots of papers about heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze drying at home and abroad. The present status of research on heat and mass transfer during vacuum freeze drying in the primary drying is summed up and analyzed, the trend of research in this field is discussed in this paper.

Background: Chronic inflammation is now recognized as a causal factor of aging. Resveratrol is a nonflavonoid compound that widely exists in plant species, exerting anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in animal models. The chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and secretion of cytokines are key characters in inflammation response.Methods: The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) chromosomal on the migration, inflammatory response, and apoptosis of monocytes were detected. THP-1 cells were used to study the effects of resveratrol treatment on LPS-and HMGB-induced monocytes. We aimed to investigate the effect of Resveratrol on monocyte migration and the expression of a special cytokine named HMGB1 in THP-1 cells.Results: Resveratrol obviously inhibited THP-1 migration induced by LPS. LPS increased the expression of HMGB1 and its release in THP-1 cells, which were both decreased by resveratrol. Resveratrol inhibited the activity of NF-κB-p65 and the translocation of NF-κB-p65 from nucleus to cytoplasm induced by LPS.In addition, Resveratrol increased LPS and HMGB1-inhibited monocyte apoptosis. Resveratrol inhibited the LPS-induced HMGB1 secretion and its activation through NF-κB pathway. The THP-1 migration induced by LPS was inhibited by resveratrol.Conclusions: Resveratrol may inhibit monocyte migration and induce apoptosis by blocking downstream HMGB1/NF-κB/MCP-1 signaling pathways, thereby reducing systemic inflammation.

No abstract

The freeze-drying process is a complex heat and mass transfer process virtually. The drying process of freeze-drying is not only the key stage which decides the success of freeze-drying, but also the most difficult stage to control. There are lots of papers about heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze drying at home and abroad. The present status of research on heat and mass transfer during vacuum freeze drying in the secondary drying is summed up and analyzed, and the trend of research in this field is discussed in this paper.