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Recently, air quality has become a hot topic due to its profound impact on the quality of the human living environment. This paper selects the tourist city of Dalian as the research object. The concentration and spatial distribution of PM10 and NO2 in the main urban area were analyzed during the peak tourist seasons in summer and winter. Simulations were used to explore the spatial and temporal variation patterns of PM10 and NO2, combining building and road density at different scales to reveal the coupling relationship between individual pollutant components and urban parameters. The results show that the PM10 concentration is high in the center and NO2 is concentrated in the northern district of Dalian City. In an area with a radius of 100 m, the dilution ratio of building density and road density to the concentration of the PM10 pollutants is at least 43%. Still, the concentration of NO2 is only coupled with road density. This study reveals the spatial and temporal variation patterns of PM10 and NO2 in Dalian, and finds the coupling relationship between the two pollutants and building density and road density. This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling air pollution in urban planning.