In order to obtain the carrier frequency (CF) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, a uniform linear array (ULA)-based modulated wideband converter (MWC) discrete compressed sampling (CS) digital receiver system is proposed. It can achieve sub-Nyquist sampling, save the storage space, and obtain the CF and DOA estimation by processing the CS data directly. However, the existing method for this system needs more branches to get better performance. In this paper, a compressed ULA (CULA)-based MWC discrete CS digital receiver system is proposed. First, a compression matrix is used to reduce the number of branches behind the antennas. Then, the MWC discrete CS structure is used to reduce the data volume. Finally, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is used to jointly estimate the CF and DOA by processing the CS data directly. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system and the proposed method for the joint CF and DOA estimation.