No abstract

Uncertainty with regard to the proper implementation of Article 44 of the Criminal Code is to be discussed.  In legal practice, the existence of mental disorder in those who are accused of murder or homicide will be made dependent on the decision of psychiatrist (authorized to conduct forensic psychology or psychiatry). In the case that such mental disorder is determined to be existing during a pre-trial hearing, the court is under no obligation to order cessation of the criminal proceeding. It is noted that in a number of cases the decision to terminate investigation or cease court proceeding falls completely under the Judge discretionary power.  The author’s recommendation is that a reformulation of Art. 44 of the Criminal Code is in order.

This study aims to obtain similarities and differences regarding legal formulation in online prostitution. Hitherto, prostitution has remained to exist in Indonesian society. In context, the existing perpetrators of prostitution do not peddle conventionally but also virtually, in which online prostitution that gradually increases is a common term that refers to this phenomenon. The current law enforcement against perpetrators of online prostitution performs as the consequence of the national law in which national laws have yet remained to accommodate in criminalizing perpetrators of online prostitution. The criminalization of perpetrators in online prostitution may contrast with the principle of legality so that national laws should accommodate perpetrators of online prostitution regarding their criminal liability. In particular, these national laws should address whether to prohibit the attitude that proliferates online prostitution so that perpetrators of online prostitution should be accountable for their crimes. Henceforth, this measure intends to avoid the overlap of the principle of legality in criminal law. Keywords: Online Prostitution, Criminal Liabilities, Principle of Legality.

Autopsi forensik tidak dapat dilepaskan dari tujuan utama penemuan penyebab pasti kematian seseorang. KUHP Pasal 222 dan KUHAP Pasal 133 dan 134, telah mengatur mengenai autopsi forensik. Adanya ketentuan mengenai pemberitahuan kepada keluarga korban untuk dilakukannya autopsi forensik, merupakan kendala tersendiri di dalam implementasinya, yang justru menghambat penegakan hukum dalam kasus-kasus kematian yang tidak wajar. Padahal, hanya melalui autopsi forensik suatu kebenaran materiil dapat diungkap kebenarannya secara ilmiah, baik pada saat dimulainya penyelidikan perkara sampai dengan pembuktian perkara di pengadilan. Beberapa kasus dan putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap mengindikasikan mengenai pentingnya posisi autopsi forensik dalam pembuktian kasus-kasus kematian yang diformulasikan sebagai tindak pidana materiil. Oleh karena itu, dalam kasus-kasus kematian tidak wajar, seyogianya pelaksanaan autopsi forensik tidak harus menunggu persetujuan keluarga korban demi tercapainya kepastian hukum yang adil, baik bagi korban, pelaku maupun masyarakat.

There is a substantial difference between the ordinary crime related to its results and that related to its causes. In order to classified as a crime, the negligence carried out by medical personnel needs to be previously described regarding the fulfillment of the elements of lawlessness. This paper analyzes whether there is medical malpractice and with the following lawlessness in the court decision number 257/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dps. Throughout the analysis, it will provide a comprehension to the qualification of whether malpractice, medical negligence or medical risk. The result of the study finds that such a crime can be qualified to medical malpractice, even though he did not fulfill the nature against formal law but it meets the element of nature against material law. Keywords: Medical Malpractice, Lawlessness, Crime