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on an association between occupational exposure to the well-known lung carcinogen asbestos and risk of developing biliary cancer (Cells 2020;9:421-436). According to the authors, the potential for asbestos to cause biliary tumors is grounded on an excess risk of liver/biliary tract cancers in exposed workers from 15 cohort studies. However, most studies did not distinguish liver from biliary tract cancers; thus, the evidence essentially reflects liver cancer risk. Owing to the global burden of asbestos exposure and the high proportion of iCCA patients lacking any known risk factor for this disease worldwide, the authors suggest asbestos to be listed as a possible risk factor for iCCA with all the inherent implications for policies of primary and secondary prevention.

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