HighlightsXantogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney.The focal form imitates greatly renal cell carcinoma (RCC).We report a challenging clinical case of a 38-year old with lack of history of stone disease or urinary tract infection.Preoperative diagnosis of focal XGPN was difficult because of radiological similarities to RCC.An open right radical nephrectomy including the adrenal in the resection was performed and final histology revealed a focal renal mass which consist with a xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

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