Editor's key points † The effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound was measured in rats with diabetic neuropathy to assess its potential for pain relief. † High-intensity focused ultrasound temporarily blocked compound and sensory action potentials and compound muscle action potentials without damaging nerves. † High-intensity focused ultrasound may have potential for reversibly blocking sensory nerves and providing pain relief.Background. Nerve conduction block using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been conducted with nerves of mixed fibres in normal animal models. This study tested the feasibility and safety of HIFU for sensory nerve conduction block in diabetic neuropathic nerves to determine its potential for pain relief.