The paper reveals the results of research on the impact of tillage and fertilizer systems using by-products on moisture reserves in the soil and crop yields in a four-course short-term crop rotation (winter rape – winter wheat – corn for grain – spring barley) on dark gray podzolized soil on the stationary experimental plot of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia NAAS of Ukraine in 2016–2020. Three variants of tillage systems were studied: 1) 20– 22 cm depth moldboard ploughing – control; 2) 10–12 cm depth shallow ploughing; 3) 6–8 cm depth surface ploughing. The system of fertilization involved application of mineral fertilizers N128P90K120 kg/ha of crop rotation area, including the following options for straw: 1) without straw; 2) straw + destructor + N10 kg (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of precrop straw; 3) straw + N10 (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of pre-crop straw. It has been found out that the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm. Under the system of fertilization which provided for the application of straw + N10 and straw + destructor + N10 kg, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were 3.6 and 9.0 mm in the germination period and 10.2 and 14.4 mm in the harvesting period bigger than in the experiment without using straw. The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape. Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha. Fertilizer systems based on the use of straw and straw + destructor provided an increase in grain yield respectively: winter wheat by 0.45–0.36 t/ha; corn by 0.60–0.46 t/ha; spring barley by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared to the option without straw. Key words: productive moisture, crop, straw, tillage, crop rotation, yield.

The results of studies on the influence of tillage systems on the density of the structure of dark gray podzolized soil under crops in a four-field short-rotation crop rotation (winter rape – winter wheat – corn for grain – spring barley) in the stationary field experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of the Western Polissia of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2016 are shown. – 2020. In the experiment, three tillage systems were studied (shelf by 20–22 cm, shallow by 10–12 cm, surface by 6–8 cm) against the background of mineral fertilizers N128P90K120 kg/ha of the crop rotation area. It was determined that at the time of spring germination and spring weeding of winter crops under the shelf system of soil cultivation, a plow layer was formed under the crops of the crop rotation, which was characterized by a compaction density close to the optimum – 1.06–1.33 g/cm3. Under no-shelf tillage under crop rotation, the 0–30 cm soil layer was differentiated by compaction density into the upper loose 0–10 cm layer with a density of 1.13–1.24 g/cm3 and compacted to 1.30–1.41 g/cm3. The lowest soil compaction density was in winter wheat, spring barley, and corn crops under the shelf and shallow tillage systems in soil layers of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, where it was, respectively, in the range of 1.06–1.19 g/cm3 and 1.17–1.25 g/cm3. Noticeably, the density of the soil compaction increased during crop rotation during surface tillage under winter rape in the soil layer of 10–20 cm to 1.36 g/cm3 and in the soil layer of 20–30 cm to 1.47 g/cm3. The compaction density under the surface tillage system under winter rape in the 20–30 cm soil layer increased by 0.14 g/cm3, compared to the wormwood tillage system for this crop. The system of shelf and shallow soil cultivation in crop rotation creates better conditions for optimizing the agrophysical fertility indicators of dark gray podzolized soil and provides the highest crop yield in crop rotation, compared to the surface 6–8 cm system, and made it possible to obtain yields of 6.80 and 6.32 respectively t/ha of winter wheat 5.19 and 4.99 of spring barley 11.25 and 11.33 of corn and 2.97 and 3.05 t/ha of winter rapeseed. From the application of surface tillage to a depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreases by 1.45 t/ha, spring barley by 1.69 corn by 3.66 t/ha and winter rapeseed by 0.30 t/ha compared with a shelf tillage system. Key words: compaction density, tillage, shelf, shal-low, surface, productivity, crop rotation.

The results of studies on the effect of density, fertilizer and soil type on miscanthus productivity in Western Polesie are presented. It was found that the average yield of dry biomass of 15.5 t/ha was obtained on a dark gray loamy soil for a planting density of 20 pc/ha., and fertilizer application at the rate of N60Р200К200. The application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р200К200) on dark gray light-loamy and sod-podzolic sandy-sandy soil provided the highest increase in dry mass yield (up to control) of 2.9–3.4 t/ha. As the results of research have shown, the dry matter yield varies significantly under the influence of certain factors. Thus, in four years on average the highest dry matter yield was obtained on condition of planting density of 20 thousand pcs./ha and application of N60P200K200 on both dark gray light loamy soil and sod-podzolic sandy soil, 15.5 and 13.1 t/ha respectively. The lowest yields on two types of soils were obtained on condition of planting density of 10 thousand pcs./ha in the trial field without fertilizers (check) – 12.0 t/ha and 9.1 t/ha on dark gray loamy and sod-podzolic light sandy soils, respectively. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P100K100 ensured increase in the yield by 1.8 and 2.2 t/ha of dry mass on two types of soils. Increasing the dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers up to 200 kg. d. r./ha contributed to an increase in the amount of dry mass to 15.0 and 10.1 t/ha compared to the trial field without fertilizers. The results of the research confirm the fact that with the increase in grain planting density and application of mineral fertilizers, the yield of miscanthus biomass increases, thus, the yield of solid fuel and energy increases as well. Consequently, the highest fuel yield of 17.1 t/ha with the energy yield of 271 GJ/ha was ensured by the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P200K200 and an increase in planting density to 20 thousand pcs./ha on dark gray light loamy soil. The lowest productivity at this density was characterized by the option without fertilizers (check) - 12.2 t/ha of dry biofuel and 194 GJ/ha of energy. Planting miscanthus plantations with the density of 15 thousand pcs./ha for four years on average reduced the yield of biofuel to 11.0 t/ha and energy to 175 GJ/ha in the trial field without fertilizers (check). However, the lowest amount of biofuel of 10.1 t/ha and energy yield of 159 GJ/ha was obtained in the trial field without fertilizers at the planting density of miscanthus of 10 thousand pcs./ha. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P100K100 and N60P200K200 contributed to the increase of the above indices to 13.5 and 14.7 t/ha of dry biofuel and 215 and 235 GJ/ha of energy, respectively. Keywords: miscanthus, dry biomass, solid biofuels, energy, soil.

The peculiarities of influence of tillage and fertilization systems with use of by-products on the winter wheat productivity were established by research, which was conducted on dark gray podzolic soil the in a four-field short-term crop rotation (winter rape - winter wheat – maize – spring barley). We studied three tillage systems (nonmoldboard plowing to 20–22 cm, shallow tillage to 10–12 cm, and surface tillage to 6–8 cm) and fertilization system with the use of crop by-products on the background of mineral fertilizers N128P90K120 kg/ha of crop rotation area. The highest plant productivity was formed by moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm in fertilization variants with straw and straw + Ecostern destructor, in this case, the thousand grain weight was 47.1 and 47.9 and 46.4 and 47.0 g, the of grain weight per spike – 2.1 and 2.2 and 1.9 and 2.0 g. And lowest plant productivity was under surface tillage to 6–8 cm and various fertilization systems, where the thousand grain weight was 45.2–45.6 g, and the grain weight per spike 1.8–1.9 g. At moldboard and non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and using straw + destructor, it was observed that an gluten content in winter wheat grain increased to 23.5 and 22.7 %, and protein content – to 12.9–11.7 % compared to with surface tillage, where these figures were 21.5 and 9.5 %, respectively. It was found that the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm was effective at winter wheat cultivation, which formed a higher grain yield – 6.80 and 6.32 t/ha. It was clarified that surface tillage to 6–8 cm caused a decrease in grain yield by 1.45 t/ha compared to the moldboard plowing. On average, over the research years, there was an increase in yield by 0.36 and 0.45 t/ha due to the use of straw as a fertilizer separately and in combination with the Ecostern destructor. By comparison, in the variant without straw, the yield was 5.89 t/ha on average by a factor. Consequently, we established that for winter wheat cultivation in the Western Polissia of Ukraine, it is expedient to carry out the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and the non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and to use fertilization system with straw + Ecostern destructor + N 10 kg (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of straw. Key words: winter wheat, tillage, fertilizers, yield, destructor.

The research results of influence of the planting density, fertilization and soil type on the productivity of the energy willow in the conditions of Western Polissia are presented. On average over five years of research in the cultivation of energy willow it was found that the highest yield of dry biomass 102.9 t/ha was obtained on dark gray light loamy soil with a planting density of 20 thousand pcs/ha and fertilizer application at the rate of N60 P200 K200. The lowest yield of dry biomass was at planting density of energy willow of 10 thousand pcs/ha in the variant without fertilizers on dark gray light loamy soil and sod-podzolic cohesive sandy soil – 49.1 and 26.9 t/ha, respectively. The mineral fertilizer application with rate of N60 P100 K100 ensured an increase in the yield of dry biomass by 13.5 and 7.5 t/ha depending on the type of soil. The increase of phosphorus and potash fertilizers rate to 200 kg a.i./ha contributed to an increase in dry mass up to 23.6 and 13.0 t/ha compared to the variant without fertilizers. A similar result was obtained on sod-podzolic cohesive-sandy soil. The lowest indicators were in the variant without fertilizers at the planting density of 10 thousand pcs/ha – 26.9 t/ha, 15 thousand pcs/ha – 30.2 t/ha and 20 thousand рcs/ha – 35.6 t/ha dry biomass. The application of mineral fertilizers with rate of N60P100K100 for all planting densities increased the dry biomass yield to 34.4; 38.5; 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Increase of phosphorus and potash fertilizers rate up to 200 kg a.i./ha against the background of N60 contributed to an increase of energy willow yield up to 39.9 t/ha (with a planting density of 10 thousand pcs/ha), 44.1 t/ha (15 thousand pcs/ha) and 52.3 t/ha (20 thousand pcs/ha) of dry biomass. On average for five years, the application of fertilizer with N60P200K200 rate on dark gray light loamy soil, and at planting density of 20 thousand pcs/ha provided the highest yield of solid biofuel from energy willow of 22.7 t/ha and energy of 363 GJ/ha, while on sod-podzolic cohesive-sandy soil under the same growing conditions the yield of solid biofuel from willow was less by 11.1 t/ha and energy of 178 GJ/ha. Keywords: energy willow, dry biomass, solid biofuels, energy, soil.