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The benzoxazine derivative, (2S)-4-(3-carboxypropyl)-8-{[4-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzoyl]amino}-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid (19, ONO-2050297), was identified as the first potent dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonist with IC50 values of 0.017 μM (CysLT1) and 0.00087 μM (CysLT2), respectively.

The results of renal transplantation have improved due to advances in immunosuppression techniques of preservation, and pre- and postoperative treatments; however, both morbidity and mortality remain serious problems. To decrease the morbidity and mortality rates we analyzed the causes of death after renal transplantation in our hospital. Between 1972 and 1999, we performed 364 renal transplantations, 257 of which were living-related and 107, cadaveric. There were 178 patients given azathioprine and 186 given ciclosporin. The survival rate of the patients on ciclosporin therapy was much better than that of those on azathioprine therapy. Of the total 364 renal transplant patients, 59 (16.2%) died, and 28 (47.5%) of these 59 deaths occurred within 1 year after renal transplantation. The causes of death were infection in 19 (32.2%) patients, gastrointestinal diseases in 16 (27.1%), cardiovascular diseases in 11 (18.6%), cerebrovascular diseases in 6 (10.2%), suicide in 3 (5.1%), and other causes in 4 (6.8%). These findings reinforce that early diagnosis and treatment are essential to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates assoiated with renal transplantation.