Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ëåéêîç êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, âèðóñ ëåéêîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÂËÊÐÑ), ãåìàòîëîãè-÷åñêèå è ñåðîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ðåàêöèÿ èììóíîäèôôóçèîííîé ïðåöèïèòàöèè (ÐÈÄ), Ðåñïóáëèêà Äàãåñòàí. Key words: leucosis of cattle, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), hematologic and serologic studies, immunoprecipitation test (AGID), Dagestan Republic. Ðåçþìå. Ëåéêîç êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ñ 1988 ïî 2017 ãã. ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ ïðîäîëaeèòåëüíîå âðåìÿ â áîëüøèíñòâå õîçÿéñòâ Ðåñïóáëèêè Äàãåñòàí ñðåäè âñåõ ïîëîâîçðàñòíûõ è ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ãðóïï ñ òåíäåíöèåé ê øèðîêîìó ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ. Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò îá îñîáåííîñòÿõ è çàêîíîìåðíîñòÿõ ðàçâèòèÿ è ïðîÿâëåíèÿ èíôåêöèîííîãî è ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññîâ èíôåêöèè âèðóñà ëåéêîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÂËÊÐÑ), ÷òî îáóñëàâëèâàåò ñïåöèôèêó ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïðîòèâîëåéêîçíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé â ðåñïóáëèêå. Òàê, çà ïîñëåäíèå 9 ëåò îáñëåäîâàíèÿ â ÐÈÄ 8,9 (6,7-12,2) òûñ. ãîëîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà åaeåãîäíî âûÿâëÿþò 1,2 (0,4-2,4) òûñ. ïîëîaeèòåëüíî ðåàãèðóþùèõ aeèâîòíûõ, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 13,5% îò ÷èñëà èññëåäîâàííûõ. Ïîêàçàòåëü èíôèöèðîâàííîñòè åaeåãîäíî ïîääåðaeèâàëñÿ íà óðîâíå 6,5-23,6%. Ãåìàòîëîãè÷åñêèì ìåòîäîì èññëåäîâàëè 246,2 aeèâîòíûõ è ñðåäè íèõ åaeåãîäíî âûÿâëÿëè 78,9 (32,1%) áîëüíûõ. Ëåéêîç êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íàíîñèò ñóùåñòâåííûé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé óùåðá îòðàñëè è òðåáóåò áîëåå àêòèâíîé è ïåðñïåêòèâíîé áîðüáû ñ ýòèì çàáîëåâàíèåì. Äëÿ ýôôåêòèâíîé ðàáîòû ñ ëåéêîçîì êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íåîáõîäèìî ðàçðàáîòàòü Ðåñïóáëèêàíñêóþ öåëåâóþ ïðîãðàììó. Summary. Leucosis of cattle from 1988 till2017 is registered for a long time in the majority of farms of Dagestan Republic among all age and production groups with a tendency to wide distribution. These results indicate that the features and patterns of development and manifestation of infectious and epizootic processes of virus infection of bovine leukemia (BLV), which determines the specifics of the anti-leukemic activities in the republic. So, during last 9 years of study in AGID 8,9(6,7-12,2) thousands of heads of cattle annually show 1,2 (0,4-2,4) thousands of positively reacting animals, which amounts to 13,5% of the surveyed. The infection rate was maintained on6,5-23,6% each
Results of the assessment of the epizootic situation on bovine leucose in Laksky district of the Republic of Dagestan for 2013-2019 are presented in the article. Authors established that the disease was recorded throughout the study period in various settlements and farms of the region. During monitoring studies in the municipal district, where the real work was carried out in 20052008, the level of infection of animals, on average, was 23,64%, the incidence rate - 2,88%. In 2013-2017 BLV infection was recorded almost every year in 35,29% of households. At the same time, the level of infection of animals annually ranged from 1,68 in 2013 to 6,74% in 2014, with a tendency to decrease to 2,68% in 2015, 1,92-2,53% in 2016-2017, making up, on average, 3,11±0.93% of the number examined for the analyzed five years. With the implementation of the republican target program in the region, cattle serological coverage increased from 4,04% in 2013-2017 to 84,27% in 2018-2019. At the same time, the incidence of new cases of seropositive animals decreased from 3,11 to 1,87%, respectively. In particular, the number of farms that were safe on BLV infection has increased, on average, from 8,8 to 60. In 2019 out of 92 agricultural enterprises, peasant farms, personal subsidiary farms, and individual entrepreneurial farms, 76 (82,61%) were prosperous on leukemia. In 16 (17,39%) households the infection of animals with leukemia virus was from 0,28 to 39,33%. Authors recommended timely removal of not only seropositive animals from the herd, but also regular serological examination of the herd to identify animals in direct contact with previously isolated virus carriers in bovine leukemia dysfunctional farms, which is the basis for recovery and control of epizootic well-being for leukemia.
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