No abstract

The war in Ukraine has shown a complete failure to protect civilians. The available bomb shelters are designed to stay for several hours or several days. At the same time, in the cities bordering the aggressor state, bombing and missile strikes hardly stop for weeks and months. People are forced to live in shelters, sleep on the floor in rooms unsuitable for long stays without electricity and water supply, sewerage, heating and internet.This article is aimed at solving urgent, vital problems of protection of the civilian population by creating dual-use premises in the underground space of public buildings.It is proposed to intensify the development of underground spaces, in particular, with the organization of storage facilities for temporary and long-term stay with the use of energy-efficient technologies that will provide people with the necessary resources during the escalation of aggression.To achieve this goal, the following tasks are considered in the course of work: identification of the main ways of development of underground spaces, research of types of organization of storages of different purpose for temporary and long-term stay; disclosure of aspects of energy efficient technologies that will contribute to the energy saving use and provision of resources to residents for a comfortable stay in the underground space.The Department of Urban Construction of the O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv analyzed the underground space of Freedom Square and proposed the organization of a multifunctional shopping and entertainment center connected in the underground passage of subway stations, which will allow access to the complex without access to the ground. On the second floor from the ground should be located dual-use facilities — shopping, entertainment and sports centers, which can very quickly turn into modern bomb shelters.

At present, there are no economic types of residential development on the market, which are socially just and environmentally friendly. At present, there is a growing scientific interest in creating comfortable living conditions, namely the creation of energy-efficient environmental settlements. Functional and planning structure of energy-efficient ecological settlements, which should provide a holistic urban planning and landscapeplanning ecological framework of the structure of the Kharkiv region. The work presents a master plan for the projected energy-efficient ecological settlement with a detailed description of all project proposals and considers the functional zoning of the territory.

The article is devoted to the study of the ecological situation in Ukraine, defining the role, prerequisites and measures for the organization of energy-efficient ecological settlements in sustainable development, as well as the analysis of domestic and foreign design experience. The world we live in is on the brink of global catastrophe. After analyzing acute environmental problems, it was found that one of the main ways to preserve and restore natural resources, as well as improve the environmental situation is the development of energy-efficient ecological settlements. Energy-efficient ecological settlements have become particularly visible since their articulation as a social movement, since 1994, namely since the establishment of the Global Network of Eco-Settlements (GEN). Such communities existed long before the term ecovillage was founded. Ecovillages demonstrate a different way of life, aimed at a better quality of life, while reducing the ecological footprint. The idea of implementation and development of these settlements is based on solving environmental, economic and socio-cultural problems. The creation of eco-settlements is based on more relevant factors and principles, the main of which are environmental. The plan of ecological restoration and protection of the environment is possible due to the factors of organization, the main components and measures of designing energy-efficient ecological settlements in compliance with political goals. The study focuses on the special characteristics and principles of designing energy-efficient ecological settlements with low consumption of resources, which present innovative technologies, architectural planning, spatial composition, environmental and economic measures. Examining the principles and means of organization as well as the concept of sustainable development, it was found that these settlements meet all 17 global goals of sustainable development, through smooth integration and adaptation to the local natural and social environment. After defining the role in sustainable development, the most influential examples of domestic and foreign projects on urban planning aspects of the formation and spatial organization of energy efficient settlements in the dynamics of their historical development are analyzed. Such settlements will grow out of the needs and opportunities caused by new environmental constraints (due to the high population density in cities), a new level of consciousness and the need to rebuild their own state.

There is a sharp increase in the share of urban population around the world, and Ukraine, unfortunately, is no exception. Analyzing the UN-Habitat study [1], about half of the world's population will live in urban areas, and by 2050 this share is projected to increase by 66%. It is known that a high level of urbanization has a negative impact on the environment, creating the preconditions for man-made disasters, destruction of the biosphere, depletion of natural resources, which in turn leads to serious irreversible environmental disasters. Also, modern urban planning formations cause social isolation and encourage car dependence, thus creating poor living conditions for the population. Therefore, today, the main goal for planners and urban planners is to provide the population with quality and necessary conditions for a comfortable life, reproduction of basic elements of the natural environment and preservation of ecological balance. One of the clearest examples of how to solve acute environmental problems associated with a high level of urbanization and not threaten the future of the planet is the creation of energy-efficient ecological settlements that will provide favorable and comfortable living conditions for the population. New legislative changes have recently entered into force, emphasizing that local communities have the same powers and opportunities. New political reforms envisage reaching a new level and qualitative changes for territorial communities. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the main strategic objectives for the development of social, economic, environmental, energy efficient and urban conditions. For a detailed study, in the course of the article used such methods as: - method of strategic analysis (use of published materials of the development strategy of the Malodanilivka territorial community to determine measures for the period up to 2025); -method of urban planning and spatial analysis (determination of the features of the territories regarding the location of energy-efficient ecological settlements on the territory of the Malodanilivka territorial community, which are the most attractive, rational and ecological); - method of cartographic analysis (analysis of the public cadastral map of Ukraine (Public cadastral map of Ukraine) of Ukraine and town-planning substantiations). The Strategy of development of Malodanilivka settlement territorial community for the period up to 2025 is analyzed, characteristic indicators (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats) are revealed, the planning structure is investigated, and potential opportunities for further design of energy efficient ecological settlements on the territory of Malodanilivka territorial community are revealed. former Dergachiv district), Kharkiv region.