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It is still undetermined if the main infection route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is infection through droplet, contact, or airborne transmission. However, confined spaces with poor ventilation are cited as a risk factor for group outbreaks, and there is growing interest in the effects of intervention through the appropriate operation of air‐conditioning and sanitary equipment to reduce the risk of airborne transmission. This study first offers an outline of the characteristics of the novel coronavirus disease and the cluster outbreak case reports that have been clarified until now. Subsequently, we describe the appropriate operating conditions for building equipment that are effective in reducing the risk of infection and also highlight specificities for each building use based on the guidance provided by healthcare institutions and with reference to the standard recommendations by Western academic societies related to building equipment.

In recent years ， natural ventilation system is widely used for sustainable buildings ． However ， systems without proper managements and maintenances are often observed ， Noise and pollution are major problems in the urban enVironment ． Wide investigation was conduCted ft 〕r 72 bllildings ． The reason of less use of natUral ventilation system was inves缸 gated by the field measurements and questionnaire to the designers ， building managers and occupants ． The reasons are classi 丘ed into three categories ， 1) compla 童 ns of occupants ， 2)control system of natural vent 量 la 廿on ， 3)clear understanding of the natUral ventilation system by building managers and occupants ． It is 丘) und that the ac 加 al use 血 1e of natural ventila 廿on system tends to decrease and that the designers need to keep contact to the building managers and check whether the system run without problem for long dme a 仕er it starts to わe operated ， Sustainable opera 僅 on was discussed in this paper

The World Championship in Cybernetic Building Optimization (WCCBO) was held in 2019 to test participants' ability to optimize buildings cybernetically. Office buildings with a total floor area of 10,000 m 2 were built in cyberspace, one for each of the 33 participating teams. The cyber buildings were controlled by BACnet, and the participants competed to show their operational skills by tuning the HVAC system of their respective cyber buildings online. The ability of optimization was evaluated in terms of both energy consumption and thermal comfort, and their scores were published online in real-time. A total of 339 different operations were tested during the two-month competition period. The top-ranked team succeeded in reducing energy consumption and thermally dissatisfied occupant rate by 12.1% and 21.0%, respectively. In this paper, we report on the examination of the rules and schedule of this championship as well as the analysis of the participants' scores.